Photoelectric self-correcting timing device for turning on and off electric devices



1966 KATSUMI TAKEDA ET AL 3,231,747

PHOTOELECTRIC SELF-CORRECTING TIMING DEVICE FOR TURNING ON AND OFF ELECTRIC DEVICES Filed Feb. 14, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet l T/me in Hour 3,231,747 URNING 1966 KATSUMI TAKEDA ET AL PHOTOELECTRIC SELF-CORRECTING TIMING DEVICE FOR T ON AND OFF ELECTRIC DEVICES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 14, 1962 United States Patent 3,231,747 PHOTOELECTRIC SELF-CORRECTING TIMING DEVICE FOR TURNING ON AND ()FF ELECTRIC DEVICES Katsuml Takeda and Alriteru Kaminoto, both of Fukuyama, Prefecture of Hiroshima, Japan, assignors to Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan, a corporation of Japan Filed Feb. 14, 1962, Ser. No. 173,186 Claims priority, application Japan, Feb. 25, 1961, 36/ 6,577 2 Claims. (Cl. 250-215) This invention relates to a system for automatically turning on and off devices, such as electric lamps, at predetermined times.

Heretofore, it has been a practice to turn off electric lamps such as neon tube lamps and advertisement lamps in daytime, and to turn on the same at the sunset, then to turn them off again in the dead of the night during which time nearly all persons are not at work, and to light them again before dawn and to turn them off again at sunrise. Thus the lamps can be reasonably turned on and off without any waste of electric power. To this end, there has been previously used the type of timekeeper device driven by a synchronous motor or by spring means and including contacts adapted to be opened and closed at predetermined times. The use of such tirnekeeper devices has a disadvantage in that the times of sunrise and sunset continuously vary throughout a year, and therefore the times at which the electric lamps are to be turned off and on, respectively must be adjusted in accordance with such variations of both the sunrise and the sunset. Moreover these devices have the drawback that the times indicated by the devices become very incorrect due to the effect of daily errors added to one another during long service. Further, in the type of timekeeper devices driven by spring means the latter must be wound up from time to time during service whereas the type of timekeeper device using a synchronous motor may provide an erroneous indication of the hour due to any stoppage of electric supply to the motor which might occur during service.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved system for automatically turning on and off devices such as electric lamps wherein the aforesaid disadvantages are eliminated.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved system for automatically turning on and oil utilization devices such as electric lamps substantially at sunrise, sunset and other predetermined times with high reliability and without the necessity of adjusting the times in accordance with the sunrise and the sunset.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved system of the type above described and capable of turning on and off electric lamps at times substantially predetermined even after long service.

With the objects in view, the invention resides in a system for automatically turning on and off a controlled circuit at predetermined times comprising photoconductive means responsive to both the sunrise and the sunset, driving rotary means controlled by the photoconductive means, hour dial means driven by the driving rotary means to indicate any time between a pair of predetermined times, rotational movement of said hour dial means effecting opening and closing of the controlled circuit at sunrise and sunset respectively, and a plurality of hour setting members adjustably secured to said hour dial means at positions corresponding to said predetermined times. The setting members are arranged to control the controlled circuit at the predetermined times.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention a system ice for automatically turning on and off a device at sunrise, sunset and predetermined times comprises driving rotary means having a predetermined fixed speed of rotation, means responsive to both sunrise and sunset including means for starting operation of the driving means at sunrise and for effecting opening and closing of an energization circuit for the device at sunrise and sunset respectively. The system comprises speed changing means and controlling and hour indicating means including a graduated member driven by the driving means through said speed changing means. The speed changing means is controlled by the sunrise-and-sunset responsive means to change the angular speed of the graduated member of the controlling and hour indicating means from a predetermined magnitude during a time interval between sunrise and sunset to twice the angular speed during a time interval between sunset and the succeeding sunrise. In the system a plurality of hour setting members are adjustably secured to the graduated member of the controlling and hour indicating means in positions corresponding to said predetermined times on the same. First control means are provided controlled by the controlling and hour indicating means to hold the driving means in operation for a period of time for which the driving means are to be operatedand to stop operation of the driving means upon the completion of one revolution of the graduated member before the succeeding sunrise. A second control means is provided controlled by said plurality of hour setting members at predetermined times respectively to effect turning on and off the device.

It may be desirable to control a device at a plurality of predetermined times excluding both the sunrise and the sunset. In this case, an energization circuit for the device may be preferably modified such that it will be turned on and off by the second control means alone at a plurality of predetermined times.

The invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a typical graph illustrating the sunrise and sunset plotted against the calendar month; and

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system constructed in accordance with the teaching of the invention for automatically turning on and off electric lamps.

The invention is based upon the discovery that, with reference to any calendar day; the time interval between the sunrise and 1200 hours is approximately equal to the time interval between 1200 hours and sunset while the time interval between sunset and 0000 hours is approximately equal to the time interval between 0000 hours and the succeeding sunrise.

Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a typical graph illustrating the sunrise and sunset measured in Kobe, Japan (which is in latitude 3441'N and in longitude 11E) and plotted against the calender month. In FIG. 1 a curve r represents the sunrise and a curve s represents the sunset. A curve m indicates the hour midway between the sunrise and the sunset and a curve in indicates the hour midway between sunset and the succeeding sunrise. As shown in FIG. 1, the deviation of the curve m from the horizontal line passing through the ordinate of 1200 hours is in the same direction as and approximately equal to that of the curve m from the horizontal line passing through the ordinate of 2400 hours, such deviations being relatively small in magnitude. Therefore, if it is assumed that, with reference to any calendar day, T represents a time interval between the sunrise and 1200 hours, T a time interval between 1200 hours and the sunset, T a time interval between the sunset and 0000 hours, and T represents a time interval between 0000 hours and the succeeding sunrise then it will be seen from FIG. 1 that T is approximately equal to In other words, a half of the sum of the time interval be tween the sunrise and the sunset and the time interval between the sunset and the succeeding sunrise, at all times, approximately equal to an interval of 12 hours through a year regardless of the sunrise end sunset.

The invention will now be described in conjunction with a system for automatically turning on electric lamps such as neon tube lamps or advertisement lamps at sunset, turning them oif at 0000 hours, turning them on again at 0200 hours and turning them off again at sunrise. However, the invention is equally applicable for automatically turning on and off electric lamps at times different from the times indicated above.

Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawings there is diagrammatically illustrated a system for automatically turning on and oil a device such as an electric lamp by using a timekeeper device utilizing the discovery previously described.

As shown in FIG. 2, a timekeeper device comprises a sunrise-and-sunset responsive unit generally designated by the reference characters SRU, a drive such as synchronous motor M, a speed changing unit generally designated by the reference characters SCU and controlled by the sunrise-and-sunset responsive unit SRU, and a controlling and hour indicating unit CIU driven by the synchronous motor M through the speed changing unit SCU.

The sunrise-and-sunset responsive unit SRU includes a photocell comprising photosensitive cadmium sulfide or the like which has its internal resistance vary when the photocell is exposed to light.

The photocell 10 is connected to a resistor 12 serially connected to a rectifier 14 and is also operatively connected to a control relay 16. The relay 16 comprises an operating winding 18 serially connected to the photocell 10, a movable contact member 20 and a pair of stationary contacts 22. The movable contact member 20 is electrically connected to the operating winding 18 and normally engages one of the stationary contacts 22 or in this case the lower stationary contact as viewed in FIG. 2. The movable contact member 20 is connected to a movable rod 24 which, in turn is connected at one end to a lever 26 made of an electrically insulating material. The lever 26 is supported on a fulcrum 28 and connected at the other end to a connecting rod 30 the use of which will be later described. The arrangement comprising the rectifier 14, the resistor 12, the photocell 10 and the operating winding 18 serially connected to each other is adapted to be connected across a source of alternating current represented by a pair of input terminals 32. In order to smooth the rectifier output from the rectifier 14 a smoothing capacitor 34 is provided on the rectifier. The lower plate of the capacitor 34 is directly connected to the operati ng winding 18 and also to the input terminal 32.

The synchronous motor M is connected between the upper input terminal 32 as viewed in FIG. 2 and a transfer arm 38 of a holding switch 36. The switch 36 includes a pair of stationary contacts 40 and 42. The upper contact 40 is connected to the junction of the capacitor 34 and the operating Winding 18 of the control relay 16 while the lower contact 42 is connected to the upper stationary contact 22 of the relay with the transfer arm 38 normally engaging the lower contact 42.

The speed changing unit SCU comprises a transfer gearing generally designated by the reference numeral 44 and a reduction bearing generally designated by the reference numeral 46. The transfer gearing 44 includes a first gear 48 rigidly mounted on the shaft of the motor M, a second gear 50 normally meshing with the first gear 48 and a third gear 52 secured on the shaft 54 of the second gear 50. A third gear 52 is coupled through an intermediate gear 56 to a fourth gear 58 secured on a shaft 60. The shaft 60 is provided with a fifth gear 62 which is twice as large as the first gear 48 and has twice the number of teeth. As diagrammatically shown in FIG. 2, the shafts 54 and 60 are operatively coupled to the connecting rod 30 in such a manner that the engagement of the movable contact member 20 0f the control relay 18 with the lower stationary contact member 22 elfects the meshing of the first gear 48 with the second gear 50 and the disengagement of the first gear from the fifth gear 62 whereas the engagement of the movable contact member with the upper stationary contact member effects the meshing of the first gear 48 which the fifth gear 62 and the disengagement of the first gear from the second gear. The speed changing unit is also designed and constructed such that when the first gear 48 meshes with the second gear 50 the intermediate gear 56 is rotated at a speed equal to twice the speed obtained when the first gear meshes with the fifth gear 62.

The reduction gearing 46 includes a pinion 64 integral with the intermediate gear 56 and a gear 66 meshing with the pinion 64.

The controlling and hour indicating unit CIU comprises an hour dial 68 rotatable together with a gear 66 of the reduction gearing 46. The hour dial 68 is preferably made integrally with the gear 66 and has its front face graduated in hours throughout one half of the periphery thereof. In the embodiment illustrated the graduations on the hour dial 68 include lines or indicia designated as 20, 21, 22, 23, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 disposed at equal angular distances corresponding to 22.5 degrees or 1r/8 radian. If desired the number of the graduated lines and the angular distance therebetween may be varied.

To indicate the hour an indicating pointer 70 is disposed adjacent to the periphery of the hour dial 68 at such a position that the pointer aligns with one of the outermost graduation lines for the line 4 in this case when the device is not operated.

To set the hours at which the electric lamps are to be fired or put out, a pair of radial straps 72, and 74 are disposed opposite the rear face of the hour dial 68 at a distance therefrom. Each of the hour setting strips 72 and 74 has one end portion pivotably secured on the xais of the hour dial 68 and the other end portion folded over the front face of the hour dial. The strips 72 and 74 are adjustably secured on these other end portions to the hour dial 68 by set screws 78 and 76 respectively and include formed at these ends pointers 82 and 80 respectively. In the illustrated embodiment the pointers 80 and 82 indicate 0000 hours and 0200 hours respectively. It will be seen that, due to the structure of the hour setting strip s they can readily be varied in their positions relative to the graduations on the hour dial 68. To do so the set screw 76 or 78 in first loosened and the hour setting strip 72 or 74 is moved to any desired position on the graduation for the particular purpose followed by tightening of the loosened set screw. The strips 72 and 74 are further provided with transfer pawls 86 and 84 projecting from the surfaces thereof away from the rear face of the hour dial 68.

It is to be understood that the number of hour setting strips may be varied in accordance with the number of time settings at which the electric lamps are to be turned on and off.

As shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2, the hour dial 68 includes a pair of transfer pawls 88 and 90 projecting from the rear face thereof.

Opposite the rear face of the hour dial 68 at a small distance therefrom a control plate made of an electrically insulating material generally designated by the reference numeral 92 is disposed including on one end a pair of spaced pins 94 and 96 capable of engaging the transfer pawls 88 and 90, respectively, once during one compete revolution of the hour dial 68. The control plate 92 is pivotably mounted substantially at its center on a stationary pin 98 and includes on the other end portion a supporting element 100 secured to one end of a U-shaped spring 102. The other end of spring 102 is secured to the movable arm 38 of the switch 36 at its free end. The control plate 92 is further provided with a slot 104 through which a stationary pin 106 extends in order to restrict the pivotal movement of the control plate. In an analogous manner another control plate 92a made of an electric'ally insulating material is disposed substantially symmetrically to control plate 92 with respect to the axis of the hour dial 68 near the pointer 70. This control plate is identical in structure with the control plate 92 as above described and need not be further described. The former plate is generally designated by the reference numeral 92a and the various compnents thereof corresponding to those of the plate 92 are identified by the same reference numerals with the suffix character a.

In order to control an electric lamp or lamps, such as a neon tube lamp or lamps, represented by a pair of load terminals 108 a control switch '110 is provided which [includes a pair of stationary contacts 112 and 114 and a transfer arm 116 adapted to electrically engage either of the contacts. The lower contact 114 is connected to one of the load terminals 108, for example, the lower terminal in FIG. 2 and the upper load terminal 108 is connected to the upper input terminal 32 and the synchronous motor M. The transfer arm 116 of the control switch 110 is connected at its free end to a U-shaped spring 102a associated with the control plate 92a and at the other end to the lower control 22 of the control relay 16.

The device thus far described is operated as follows:

It is now assumed that before sunrise the various components of the device are in the positions illustrated in FIG. 2. If the sky becomes light at sunrise the internal resistance of photocell decreases permitting a current to flow from the source of alternating current 32 through the operating winding 18 of the control relay 16. Therefore, the operating winding 18 is energized with a rectified current from the rectifier 14 which is fed by a source of alternating current 32. The energization of the winding 18 effects pulling up of the movable contact member 20 to engage the same with the upper contact 22 (see FIG. 2). This completes a circuit from the upper terminal 32 through the synchronous motor M, the transfer arm 38 of the holding switch 36, the stationary contact 42 thereof, the upper contact 22 of the control relay 16 and the movable. contact member 20 to the lower terminal 32 to thereby start the operation of the motor.

On the other hand, the separation of the movable contact member 20 from the lower contact 22 prevents the energization of the electric lamp.

At the same time the pulling up of the movable contact member 20 effects disengagement of the first gear 48 from the second .gear 50 and the engagement of the first gear 48 with the fifth gear 62 through the movable rod 24, the lever'26 and connecting rod (see FIG. 2).

When the motor M is operated the hour dial 68 will be rotated in the direction of the arrow 118 in FIG. 2 through the speed changing unit SCU. It is to be noted that the hour dialv is designed to be rotated at an angular velocity of 22.S/2 or 1r/ 16 per hour by properly selecting. the speed of the motor M and the gear ratios of the speed changing unit SCU. Soon after the rotation of motor M and hence the hour-dial 68 has been initiated, the transfer pawl 88 on the hour dial forces the pin 94 on the control plate 92 to move the control plate from its position illustrated in FIG. 2 in the clockwise direction as viewed in the same figure. Thereby the transfer arm 38 of the holding switch 36 is rapidly separated from the lower contact 42 and brought into and held in contact with the upper contact by the action of the U-shaped spring 102. Thus a holding circuit for the motor M is completed. Under these circumstances, therefore, the motor continues to be operated regardless of the deen ergization of the control relay 16. I

As previously described, a half of the sum of the time interval between sunrise and sunset and the time interval between the sunset and the succeeding sunrise is, at all times, approximately equal to an interval of 12 hours throughout a year regardless of sunrise and sunset. It will be apparent that the hour dial 68 is rotated through an angle of 22.5/2 2T during the period from the sunrise to sunset or the period T +T '.=2T That angle is equal to the angle through which the hour dial is rotated at twice the angular velocity as previously determined for T A hours.

At the sunset the internal resistance of the photocell 10 is increased and deenergizes the control relay 16. The deenergization of the control relay effects separation of the movable contact member 20 from the upper contact 22 and the engagement of the contact 20 with the lower contact 22 as well as disengagement of the first gear 48 from the fifth gear 62 and the engagement of the first gear with the second gear 50. Because of the presence of the holding circuit the motor M continues to be operated and the hour dial 68 is rotated at twice the angular velocity or at an angular velocity of X2 (or equal to 22.5

per hour until the hour signal is rotated through For the Expression 1 it will be seen that the abovementioned angle is equal to This means that approximately 0000 hours is indicated when the hour dial which was initiated to be rotated at sunrise has been rotated through an angle of 270 or 31r/ 12 radian. In other words, the device indicates 0000 at the instant the hour dial 68 has been rotated through three right angles.

At 0000 hours the pointer 70 will align with the graduated line 0 in the hour dial 68.

As previously described, the control relay is deenergized at sunset to engage the movable contact member 20 with the lower contact 22 resulting in the completion of a circuit extending from the upper input terminal 32 through the electric lamp 108108, the stationary contact 114 and transfer arm 116 of the control switch 110, and the lower contact 22 and the movable contact member 20 of the control relay 16 to the lower input terminal 32. This causes the electric lamp to be lighted. Thereafter, the hour dial 68 continues to be rotated at the angular velocity of 22.5 degrees per hour as previously described and cooperates with the pointer 70 to indicate nearly correctly the hour at any moment for example after 2000 .hours.

At 0000 hours the pointer 70 aligns with the graduated 7 line on the hour dial 68. As the hour setting strip 72 is set to 0000 hours the same also aligns with the pointer 70. At that time the transfer pawl 84 forces the pin 96a on the control plate 92a to move the control plate 92a from its position illustrated in FIG. 2 in a counterclockwise direction whereby the transfer arm 116 of the control switch 110 is separated from the lower contact 114 and brought into and held in engagement with the upper contact 112 by the action of the U-shaped spring 102a. This interrupts the energization circuit for the electric lamp and turns it off.

Then the hour dial 68 continues to be rotated and cooperates with the pointer 70 to indicate nearly correctly the hour at any moment until the graduation line 4 reaches the pointer 70.

However, since the hour setting strip 82 is disposed on the graduation line 2 of the hour dial 68, the transfer pawl 86 on that strip forces the pin 94a on the control plate 92a to move the plate back in a clockwise direction to its initial position illustrated in FIG. 2. This permits the transfer arm 116 of the control switch 110 to be separated from the upper contact 112 and to be brought into and held in engagement with tthe'lower contact 114 to energize the electric lamp.

At the instant the hour dial has been rotated through one complete revolution to return it back to its starting position at the instant the pointer 70 is again aligned with the graduation line 4, the transfer pawl 90 on the hour dial will force the pin 96 .to return the control plate 92 in counterclockwise direction to its initial position illustrated in FIG. 2 through-the action of the U-shaped spring 102. This permits the transfer arm 38 of the holding switch 36 to be separated from the upper contact 40 and to contact the lower contact 42. At that time the control relay 16 has already been deenergized to separate the movable contact member 20 from the upper contact 22 so that the motor M is stopped. In other words, the hour dial 68 the operation of which was initiated at the sunrise is stopped at 0400 hours. However, engagement of the transfer arm 116 with the lower contact 114 of the control switch maintains the electric lamp in an energized condition until the sun rises.

At the sunrise the internal resistance of the photocell is decreased and the process thus far described will be repeated.

According to the invention any stoppage of supply of electric current to the motor which is in operation can be compensated for by utilizing the period from 0400 hours to sunrise for which the hour dial is stationary. For example, if it is assumed that the supply of electric power to the motor has been interrupted for an interval of three hours beginning at 2200 hours then the pointer will align with the graduation line 1 on the hour dial when the actual hour is 0400 hours. Accordingly the motor is operated until the sun rises, for example, at 0.500 hours. After the sunrise the motor continues to be operated in the manner previously described. Therefore, a time lag on the indication of the pointer due to the stoppage of electric power can be compensated for partially, namely by an interval of one hour beginning at 0400 hours and terminating at 0500 hours. Thus it will be appreciated that the time lag referred to can be fully compensated in three days.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the objects of the invention have been acomplished by the provision of a system for automatically turning on and off a device comprising sunrise-and-sunset responsive means, and hour dial means controlled by the responsive means, to have its angular velocity in the nighttime equal to twice the angular velocity in the daytime and including adjustably secured thereto a plurality of hour setting members for controlling a device at predetermined times.

The present system has several advantages. For example, settings at which the device is to be turned on and off can be varied in a simple and easy manner. The number of time settings can be changed at will. Also any stoppage of the supply of electric current is automatically compensated for. Further, the system according to the invention is not only of relatively simple. structure but also is not much larger than and is substantially equal in weight as compared with anytime switch of the prior art type comprising an electric motor as a drive.

While the invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments thereof it is to be understood that various changes in detail of the construction and the combination and arrangement of the components may be resorted to without departing from the spiritand scope of the invention. For example, the transfer arm 116 may be connected to the lower input terminal 32 rather than to the lower contact 22 of the control relay 16. In this case, the turning on and off of an electric lamp or the controlling of a utilization device can be effected at predetermined time settings excluding both sunrise and sunset.

What we claim is:

1. A system for automatically turning on and off a device at sunrise, sunset and predeterminedtimes'comprising, driving rotary means having a predetermined fixed speed of rotation, means responsive to both sunrise and sunset including means for starting operation of said driving means at sunrise and for effecting opening and closing of an energization circuit for the device at sunrise and sunset respectively, speed changing means, controlling and hour indicating means including 'a graduated member driven by said driving means through said speed changing means, means for controlling said speed changing means by said sunrise and sunset responsive means to change the angular speed of said graduated "member from a predetermined magnitude of'angular speed of operation during the time interval between sunrise and sunset to twice said predetermined magnitude of angular speed for operation during the time interval between sunset and the next succeeding sunrise, a plurality of hour setting members adjustably secured to said graduated member of said controlling and hour indicating means in positions corresponding to said predetermined times, first control means controlled by'said controlling and hour indicating means to hold said driving meansin operation for a period-of time for which said driving means is to be operated and to stop operation of said driving means upon completion of one revolution of said graduated member before the succeeding sunrise, and second control means controlled by said plurality of hour setting members at said predetermined times respectively to effect the turning on and off of said device. p

2. A system for automatically turning on and off a device at predetermined times comprising, driving rot'ary means having a predetermined fixed speed of rotation, means responsive to both sunrise and sunset including means for starting operation of said driving means at sunrise, speed changing means, controlling and hour indicating means including a graduated member driven by said driving means through said speed changing means, means for controlling said speed changing means by said sunrise and sunset responsive means to change the angular speed of said graduated member from a predetermined magnitude of angular speed of operation during the time interval between sunrise and sunset to twice said predetermined magnitude of angular speed for operation during the time interval between sunset and the next succeeding sunrise, a plurality of hour setting members adjustably secured to said graduated member of said controlling and hour indicating means in positions corresponding to said predetermined times, first control means controlled by said controlling and hour indicating means to maintain said driving means in operation for a period of time for which said driving means is to be operated and to stop operation of said driving means upon the completion of one revolution of said graduated member before the succeeding sunrise, and second control means controlled by said plurality of hour setting means at said .pre'ter- 9 10 mined times respectively to efiect the turning on and 01f 2,644,047 6/ 1953 Leonard 200-38 of the energization of said device. 2,855,476 10/1958 Garrard 200-38 3,033,969 5/1962 Benway et a1. References Cited by the Examiner 2,446,450 8/1948 Ziegler 250-415 X WALTER STOLWEIN:

2,531,138 11/ 1950 Lehde. MICHAEL A. LEAVITT, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A SYSTEM FOR AUTTOMATICALLY TURNING ON AND OFF A DEVICE AT SUNRISE, SUNSET AND PREDETERMINED TIMES COMPRISING, DRIVING ROTARY MEANS HAVING A PREDETERMINED FIXED SPEED OR ROTATION, MEANS RESPONSIVE TO BOTH SUNRISE AND SUNSET INCLUDING MEANS FOR STARTING OPERATION OF SAID DRIVING MEANS AT SUNRISE AND FOR EFFECTING OPENING AND CLOSING OF AN ENERGIZATION CIRCUIT FOR THE DEVICE AT SUNRISE AND SUNSET RESPECTIVELY, SPEED CHANGING MEANS, CONTROLLING AN HOUR INDICATING MEANS INCLUDING A GRADUATED MEMBER DRIVEN BY SAID DRIVEN MEANS THROUGH SAID SPEED CHANGING MEANS, MEANS FOR CONTROLLING SAID SPEED CHANGING MEANS BY SAID SUNRISE AND SUNSET RESPONSIVE MEANS TO CHANGE THE ANGULAR SPEED OF SAID GRADUATE MEMBER FROM A PREDETERMINED MAGNITUDE OF ANGULAR SPEED OF OPERATION DURING THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN SUNRISE AND SUNSET TO TWICE SAID PREDETERMINED MAGNITUDE OF ANGULAR 